Visitors crossing Plaza Mayor in Madrid in the afternoon sun

International destination

Spain for corporate offsites and incentive trips from India

Barcelona, Madrid, Seville, Mallorca and Ibiza, with ballrooms for up to 2,000, convention centres of 3,000 seats and Gaudí, flamenco and the Mediterranean on the programme. ICE India plans Spain trips, with the visas, flights, hotels, venues and transfers arranged together.

Plan an event in Spain
Getting there
One-stop flights of about 12 to 15 hours from the main Indian cities, through Dubai, Doha or Istanbul
Best months
Spring (April to June) and autumn (September to October), when days reach 18 to 26 °C
Suits
Leadership retreats, incentive trips, dealer conferences and congresses, from 50 guests up to 3,000
ICE India in Spain
Planned by ICE India, with vetted local partners on the ground.

Why companies choose Spain

  • Big halls in every major city

    Madrid's Marriott Auditorium holds 2,000 in one hall, the Barceló in Seville 1,200, and Hotel Arts in Barcelona 1,410.

  • Convention centres of 3,000 seats

    Barcelona's CCIB and Seville's FIBES both have auditoriums above 3,000, with halls for exhibitions alongside.

  • Food that suits a group

    Tapas, paella and long shared tables turn dinner into a team activity, and vegetarian dishes are easy to find.

  • Art and architecture on every street

    Gaudí in Barcelona, the Prado in Madrid and the Alcázar in Seville give a programme its sightseeing without any set-building.

  • Cities linked by fast trains

    Barcelona to Madrid takes about two and a half hours by AVE, so one trip can cover two cities without a flight.

  • Islands for an incentive finish

    Mallorca and Ibiza add beaches, sailing and resorts to a city programme, an hour or so by air.

Spain for corporate groups

Spain works for Indian companies because it offers several kinds of trip in one country. Barcelona suits conferences and creative offsites, Madrid suits large plenaries, and Seville suits heritage dinners for smaller groups.

The islands suit incentive trips where free time matters. Most programmes pick one city as the base and add a second by train or a short flight.

ICE India plans Spain incentive trips and offsites through vetted local partners and runs conferences in Barcelona and Madrid. The same Schengen visa also covers Greece. Spain is also a destination for government study tours. For group flights, hotels and visas to Spain, see corporate travel.

Visas for Indian passport holders

Indian passport holders need a Schengen short-stay visa for Spain. Every traveller applies in person at a BLS Spain centre, and ICE India handles the paperwork flow for the group.

Visa type
A Schengen short-stay visa, usually for tourism or business. The fee is €90 for an adult, plus a BLS service charge. Applicants give fingerprints and a photograph at the centre.
Processing time
Expect an answer 15 calendar days after a complete file, and up to 45 in some cases. A file can go in from six months out until 15 days before departure. ICE India advises starting at least eight weeks ahead.
Documents
A passport with at least three months of validity beyond the stay and two recent photographs. Also a cover letter, confirmed flights and hotel bookings, bank statements, proof of employment and travel medical insurance of at least €30,000.
Group applications
Each person lodges an individual application. ICE India prepares the shared itinerary, hotel and flight documents so that every file in the group matches.
Guests who already hold a visa
A valid Schengen visa issued by any Schengen country, covering the trip dates, is also valid in Spain, so those guests need no separate application.

Two evenings groups plan around in Spain: flamenco and tapas

A night of flamenco and an evening of tapas. Programmes usually build their best evening around one of them.

A flamenco dancer in a red ruffled dress performing on stage beside a guitarist

Guitar, song and dance in a tablao

Flamenco evening

Flamenco is performed in small rooms called tablaos, with a guitarist, a singer and dancers a few metres from the audience. Madrid has the most, including Casa Patas, which seats about 130, and Cardamomo, which runs shows and workshops for corporate groups.

Larger groups split across two shows, or book a private evening with a dinner before it.

Time
A show lasts about an hour, usually in the evening, with dinner before or after.
Group size
Tablaos suit groups of 20 to 130. Bigger groups are split or given a private performance.
As the gala night
A private show, with a seated dinner in the same room.
Food
Tapas and set menus. Vegetarian and Jain plates are agreed with the venue beforehand.
A tapas bar counter in Madrid, with trays of small plates and a bartender behind it

Shared plates, vermouth and local wine

Tapas and wine evening

Tapas are the quickest way for a group to taste Spain. A guided walk stops at three or four bars in Madrid's old town or Barcelona's Born, with a different dish and drink at each.

For a larger group, the evening moves to a bodega or market hall, where tables are set for shared plates and a toast.

Time
Two to three hours, starting around 8 pm.
Group size
Walks suit groups of 10 to 25 each. Larger groups set off in staggered batches or book one venue.
As the gala night
A private bodega with a seated tapas menu, wine pairing and a short talk.
Food
Vegetarian and Jain plates are briefed to each bar in advance.

Where to go in Spain

Spain is a country of distinct cities. Most groups base themselves in one, add a second by train, and finish on an island.

The mosaic facade of Casa Batlló on Passeig de Gràcia in Barcelona
People relaxing on the sand at Barceloneta beach in Barcelona

Gaudí, the waterfront and the conference city

Barcelona

Barcelona combines a large convention centre with a beach, a Gothic old town and Gaudí's buildings. Sessions in the morning, a Sagrada Família visit in the afternoon and a seafront dinner make an easy day for a group, and a central hotel keeps the transfers short.

Conference hotels cluster along the waterfront at Port Olímpic and Diagonal Mar, close to the CCIB, whose auditorium seats 3,084. Montjuïc hill holds the Magic Fountain and the national art museum, and the Penedès wine country lies a short drive inland for cava tastings.

Most programmes keep one evening free for the old town, where tapas bars around the Born and the Gothic Quarter give guests a relaxed night without any booking. Catalan is spoken alongside Spanish, and English is widely understood in hotels and restaurants.

Where groups stay
Beachfront hotels at Port Olímpic and Diagonal Mar suit conferences, and old-town hotels suit smaller leadership groups.
Gala options
The Oval Hall at the national art museum seats 1,200, and the Hipostyle Hall at Sant Pau seats 230.
On the water
Operators at Port Olímpic run sailing days, sunset cruises and regattas for groups of 10 to 120.
Gaudí
The Sagrada Família and Park Güell both need timed entry, which ICE India books for the whole group.
Selected corporate venues in Barcelona
HotelAreaRoomsEvent venuesLargest indoor venue (sq ft, theatre)
Hotel Arts BarcelonaPort Olímpic, on the beach48334Gran Saló Gaudí: about 14,460 sq ft, 1,410
Hilton Diagonal Mar BarcelonaDiagonal Mar, near the CCIB43322Ballroom: about 10,760 sq ft, 800
The frescoed facade of the Casa de la Panadería on Plaza Mayor in Madrid
Gran Vía in Madrid looking towards the Edificio España

Large halls, the Prado and late-night dining

Madrid

Spain's capital has some of the country's largest halls for groups, including the 2,000-seat auditorium at the Marriott and the IFEMA complex. It is also the base for the Prado, the Royal Palace and Retiro Park, all reached without leaving the centre.

Evenings start late, with dinner after 9 pm, so a flamenco show or a tapas walk fits naturally before it. Toledo, the walled medieval city, is a short train ride away and makes a half-day of history between sessions or on the last morning.

Hotels near the Prado and Gran Vía put museums, theatres and shops within a short walk, so free time needs little planning, and a group can split into interest groups for the afternoon and meet again for dinner.

Where groups stay
The Marriott Auditorium suits conferences near the airport, and The Palace beside the Prado suits leadership groups who want the centre.
Art
The Prado, the Reina Sofía and the Thyssen-Bornemisza stand within a short walk of each other.
Gala options
The Teatro Real ballroom seats 350 for dinner, and the Palacio de Cibeles has a glass gallery for receptions.
Flamenco
Casa Patas seats about 130, and Cardamomo runs shows and workshops for corporate groups.
Selected corporate venues in Madrid
HotelAreaRoomsEvent venuesLargest indoor venue (sq ft, theatre)
Madrid Marriott Auditorium Hotel & Conference CenterSan Blas, near the airport86956Auditorio: about 22,600 sq ft, 2,000
The Palace, a Luxury Collection HotelPaseo del Prado47020Medinaceli Ballroom: 450
Palm trees and orange trees in the gardens of the Real Alcázar in Seville
Seville Cathedral and the Giralda tower lit up at night

The Alcázar, orange-tree courtyards and flamenco's home

Seville

The capital of Andalusia is smaller and warmer than Madrid or Barcelona, with a Moorish palace, a cathedral and tapas bars on every corner. It suits heritage dinners and leadership groups, while FIBES, one of Spain's largest convention centres, handles conferences.

The old town is walkable, so a group covers the Alcázar, the cathedral with its Giralda tower and the lanes of Santa Cruz on foot in one day. Seville is also the home of flamenco, and an evening show in Triana fits easily into a programme.

Seville is hot in summer, so programmes run in spring and autumn, with outdoor dinners in the courtyards of old palaces and hotels. In Holy Week the processions fill the streets, and groups usually avoid those dates.

Where groups stay
Hotel Alfonso XIII sits beside the Alcázar, and the Barceló Renacimiento on Isla de la Cartuja holds 1,200 in its ballroom.
Gala options
The Salón Real at the Alfonso XIII seats 260 for dinner, and the Barceló ballroom seats 720.
Conferences
FIBES has an auditorium of about 3,500 seats and three exhibition pavilions of 7,200 m² each.
Plaza de España
The plaza, with its canal and tiled alcoves, is a favourite backdrop for group photographs.
Selected corporate venues in Seville
HotelAreaRoomsEvent venuesLargest indoor venue (sq ft, theatre)
Hotel Alfonso XIII, a Luxury Collection HotelNext to the Real Alcázar1489Salón Real: about 3,770 sq ft, 350
Barceló Sevilla RenacimientoIsla de la Cartuja29535Seville Ballroom: about 11,020 sq ft, 1,200
The Serra de Tramuntana coast on Mallorca, with a path above the sea
Café terraces on the Plaça Major in Palma, Mallorca

Coves, mountain villages and the old town of Palma

Mallorca

The largest of the Balearic Islands pairs Palma's cathedral and old town with coves, mountain roads and long beaches. Resorts on the southwest coast suit groups who want to stay in one place for the whole programme.

Palma's hotels and its congress palace handle meetings in the city, while the Serra de Tramuntana mountains and the port of Sóller suit a full-day excursion by coach. Boat trips to the coves are easy to add, and the island works best from May to October.

The island suits groups who want a resort feel, with sea views from the meeting room and free afternoons on the beach. Flights from Madrid and Barcelona to Palma are frequent, which keeps the transfer between cities short.

Where groups stay
The Hilton Mallorca Galatzó on the southwest coast has a 390-seat plenary room, and Palma's Bellver hotel takes banquets of up to 500.
Palma
The cathedral, La Seu, and the old-town lanes are a short walk from the waterfront.
Mountains
The Serra de Tramuntana, a World Heritage landscape, and Sóller's harbour suit a coach day.
A gift to bring home
Ensaïmada, the spiral pastry, is the island's best-known gift.
Selected corporate venues in Mallorca
HotelAreaRoomsEvent venuesLargest indoor venue (sq ft, theatre)
Hilton Mallorca GalatzóCosta de la Calma, southwest coast2088Galatzó plenary room: about 4,520 sq ft, 390
Hotel Palma Bellver by MeliáPalma38110Not available, banquets for up to 500
A paddler on the water at sunset at Cala Comte, Ibiza
The Es Cavallet beach and coast of Ibiza

Beaches, sunsets and the walled old town

Ibiza

Ibiza is the party island of Spain, but it also has quiet coves, a walled old town and well-equipped hotels. It works for incentive trips of 50 to 500 where evenings matter more than the meeting room.

Dalt Vila, the fortified old town above the harbour, is a World Heritage site and a setting for walking tours and dinners. Beaches and beach clubs fill the days, and Ibiza Town, the marina and Playa d'en Bossa are the main hotel areas.

Ibiza is best for groups who want a relaxed, sociable trip. Daytime plans include boat trips, beach clubs and coastal walks, and the evenings suit a dinner overlooking the water, followed by free time for guests to explore the town.

Where groups stay
Ibiza Gran Hotel by the marina takes 375 in its salon, and the Hard Rock Hotel Ibiza at Playa d'en Bossa takes 540.
Sunset
Cala Comte on the west coast faces the sunset, so groups gather there at dusk.
Old town
Dalt Vila's whitewashed lanes and walls make an easy half-day walk.
Season
The island is liveliest from June to September, and May and October are quieter for corporate groups.
Selected corporate venues in Ibiza
HotelAreaRoomsEvent venuesLargest indoor venue (sq ft, theatre)
Ibiza Gran HotelIbiza Town, near the marina1876Ibiza Gran Salón: about 3,930 sq ft, 375
Hard Rock Hotel IbizaPlaya d'en Bossa4935Ballroom: about 6,060 sq ft, 540

Flights from the main Indian cities to Spain

No airline flies non-stop from India to Spain, so every route has one stop. Groups land at Barcelona (BCN) or Madrid (MAD), each within about 15 km of the centre. Barcelona to Madrid by AVE train takes about two and a half hours.

Reaching Spain
FromAirportNon-stop flightsOne-stop routes
MumbaiChhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International (BOM)No non-stop flights. One stop takes about 12h 30m to 14h in total.Emirates via Dubai, Qatar Airways via Doha and Turkish Airlines via Istanbul
DelhiIndira Gandhi International (DEL)No non-stop flights. The fastest one-stop routes take about 12h.Emirates via Dubai, Qatar Airways via Doha, Turkish Airlines via Istanbul and Air India via Vienna or Zurich
BengaluruKempegowda International (BLR)No non-stop flights.Emirates via Dubai and Qatar Airways via Doha
ChennaiChennai International (MAA)No non-stop flights.Emirates via Dubai and Qatar Airways via Doha
HyderabadRajiv Gandhi International (HYD)No non-stop flights.Emirates via Dubai and Qatar Airways via Doha
KolkataNetaji Subhas Chandra Bose International (CCU)No non-stop flights.Emirates via Dubai and Qatar Airways via Doha
KochiCochin International (COK)No non-stop flights.Emirates via Dubai and Qatar Airways via Doha
AhmedabadSardar Vallabhbhai Patel International (AMD)No non-stop flights.Emirates via Dubai and Qatar Airways via Doha
Pune, Jaipur and other citiesLocal airportNo non-stop flights.Connect through Mumbai, Delhi or a Gulf hub on one ticket

Convention and exhibition centres

Programmes too big for a hotel move to a congress centre. Barcelona, Madrid and Seville each have one with thousands of seats.

  • The metal-clad exterior of the CCIB convention centre in Barcelona

    Diagonal Mar, Barcelona

    CCIB Barcelona

    Barcelona's international convention centre sits on the waterfront beside the Forum, with an auditorium reached by an underground walkway.

    • Auditori Fòrum: 3,084 seats
    • Main hall: about 11,340 m², divisible into 8
    • Banquet Hall: 1,200 guests
  • The Palacio Municipal de Congresos de Madrid beside the IFEMA fairground

    Campo de las Naciones, Madrid

    IFEMA Madrid

    The Madrid fairground combines a large set of exhibition pavilions with the Palacio Municipal de Congresos for plenaries and exhibitions.

    • Palacio Municipal auditorium: 1,719 seats
    • Multipurpose room: about 2,414 m²
    • Fairground: about 200,000 m²
  • The domed entrance and plaza of the FIBES congress centre in Seville at dusk

    Seville

    FIBES Seville

    Seville's exhibition and congress palace has three column-free exhibition pavilions and a large auditorium that can be split into smaller halls.

    • Auditorium: about 3,500 seats
    • Three pavilions of 7,200 m² each
    • Auditorium splits into 2 or 3 halls

Where to hold the evenings

Where a Spain programme eats and plays: gala nights, familiar Indian food and activities for the whole team.

  • Gala dinner venues

    Palaces, museums and hotel ballrooms. Capacities are for seated dinner.

    • MNAC Oval Hall, Barcelona: 1,200
    • Recinte Modernista de Sant Pau, Barcelona: 230 in the Hipostyle Hall
    • Teatro Real ballroom, Madrid: 350
    • Palacio de Cibeles, Galería de Cristal, Madrid
    • Hotel Alfonso XIII, Salón Real, Seville: 260
    • Barceló Sevilla Renacimiento ballroom, Seville: 720

  • Indian restaurants for groups

    Barcelona and Madrid both have Indian restaurants. ICE India briefs the kitchen on vegetarian and Jain menus before the group arrives.

    • Tandoori Nights, Barcelona
    • Rangoli, Barcelona
    • Bembi, Barcelona
    • Tandoori Station, Madrid
    • Bombay Palace, Madrid
    • Jaipur Tandoori, Palma

  • Team activity venues

    Sailing, flamenco and wine-country outings that suit groups of 20 or more.

    • Nautiq Barcelona: regattas and sailing days for 10 to 120
    • Catvents, Port Olímpic: sailing races between boats
    • Cardamomo, Madrid: flamenco workshops for groups
    • Casa Patas, Madrid: flamenco room seating about 130
    • Cava and wine tours in the Penedès, near Barcelona
    • Business Yacht Club, Port Olímpic: corporate sailing since 2004

What groups do in Spain

  • Sagrada Família

    Gaudí's unfinished basilica in Barcelona. Groups enter with timed tickets and a guide, and pair it with Casa Batlló or Park Güell.

  • Museo del Prado

    Spain's national art museum, with Velázquez and Goya, and a short walk from the Reina Sofía and the Thyssen-Bornemisza.

  • Real Alcázar of Seville

    A Moorish palace of tiled courtyards and gardens that is still a royal residence, and a favourite setting for photographs.

  • Park Güell

    Gaudí's hillside park in Barcelona, with a mosaic terrace and views to the sea. Timed tickets are booked for the whole group.

  • Royal Palace of Madrid

    One of Europe's largest palaces, with state rooms and gardens, and Plaza de Oriente and the cathedral beside it.

  • Beach clubs and coves

    A free afternoon on Mallorca or Ibiza, with beach clubs, boat trips to quiet coves and sunset bars.

A sample programme in Spain

Two cities in five days for about 100 guests: Barcelona first, then Madrid by train. It has one working morning, a flamenco night and a gala dinner, and ICE India reshapes it around each brief.

Four nights, five days

  1. Shoppers at a ham and cheese stall in La Boqueria market, BarcelonaDay 1

    Arrival and the Boqueria

    Guests arrive from several cities and are met at El Prat. After checking in on the waterfront, the group walks the old town and La Boqueria market, then sits down to a tapas dinner.

  2. Crowds watching the pink-lit Magic Fountain of Montjuïc at nightDay 2

    Conference and the Magic Fountain

    Sessions fill the morning, followed by a guided visit to the Sagrada Família. The evening starts at the Magic Fountain of Montjuïc and ends with dinner at Tandoori Nights, an Indian restaurant in El Raval.

  3. A Renfe AVE high-speed train passing a hilltop castleDay 3

    By AVE to Madrid

    The group takes the high-speed train to Madrid, about two and a half hours, and checks in near the Prado. In the evening, a flamenco show at a tablao such as Casa Patas.

  4. Visitors outside the glass Palacio de Cristal in Retiro Park, MadridDay 4

    Madrid and the gala dinner

    A morning at the Prado or in Retiro Park, with free time on Gran Vía. The gala dinner is in the ballroom of the Teatro Real, with an awards ceremony and live music.

  5. The skyline of Toledo at sunset, with the Alcázar and cathedral towerDay 5

    Toledo and departure

    A last morning in Toledo, the walled medieval city a short train ride from Madrid, then coaches to Barajas for the journeys back to India.

Food, souvenirs and shopping in Spain

Markets and food stops already sit on the route, so shopping rarely needs a day to itself.

  • Local food to try

    Spanish food is built for sharing, and tapas bars turn a meal into an outing.

    • Patatas bravas, croquetas and tortilla, in any tapas bar
    • Jamón ibérico, sliced at the counter at Mercado de San Miguel, Madrid
    • Paella, rice cooked in a wide pan, on the Barceloneta seafront
    • Churros with hot chocolate at Chocolatería San Ginés, Madrid
    • Pan con tomate, the Catalan bread rubbed with tomato
    • Ensaïmada, the spiral pastry of Mallorca

  • What to bring home

    Olive oil, turrón and ceramics travel well and suit gifts for office and family.

    • Turrón, the almond nougat sold at Christmas and all year
    • Spanish olive oil and saffron from La Boqueria or Mercado de San Miguel
    • Hand-painted ceramics from Seville and Triana
    • Leather bags and shoes from Madrid and Mallorca
    • Majorica pearls, made on Mallorca
    • Spanish wine and cava from the Penedès

  • Where to shop

    High streets for brands, markets for food, and outlet villages for discounts.

    • Passeig de Gràcia, Barcelona: international and Spanish brands
    • La Boqueria, Barcelona: the food market off La Rambla
    • Gran Vía and Calle Serrano, Madrid: high-street and designer shops
    • Calle Sierpes, Seville: the pedestrian shopping street
    • La Roca Village, near Barcelona: a designer outlet
    • Las Rozas Village, near Madrid: a designer outlet

When to go

April to June and September to October are the best months, with daytime highs of 18 to 26 °C and every outdoor plan open. July and August are hot, with highs near 35 °C in Seville, and Madrid empties as residents take their holidays.

The islands are at their busiest in July and August. June and late September give beach weather with smaller crowds.

March
Holy Week in 2027 runs from about 21 to 28 March, with processions in Seville. Hotels there fill early and rates rise.
Spring
Seville's April fair follows Easter, and the weather in all the cities is mild.
Winter
November to February is cool and quiet, and suits conferences and city programmes more than beach trips.

Spain from the air

Spain by droneTurquoise coves, cliffs and the coast of Spain from above.

  • The acronym ICE stands for Impressive, Capable, and Efficient. It was so calm and well-managed that they were able to handle the whole event from scratch. The company is experienced in handling things such as negotiations, customisation, and creativity. Our event was managed by ICE India in such a way that our client was unstoppable in appreciating it. It is Mufaddal who is the backbone of ICE India and he has a wonderful team to support him in managing any event. We had a great time working with ICE India, and I am sure they will go far in this industry. A big thank you to the team at ICE India.

    Priti SinghLead - Human Resource, KlinEra

  • Dear Mufaddal and Shreya, This was our first event and we approached ICE India for support. You both were very calm, composed and able to make decisions at once, quickly. You were able to understand our needs and always happy to help even when the plan changes last minute. You are very organized in your work which leads to minimum last minute issues – which we all know are bound to happen. We had a fantastic experience and were treated with thorough professionalism right from planning, organizing and executing the event. It was a fabulous experience working with you both and we cannot thank you enough for executing it so well. Kind regards, Gita

    Gita WaghelaTalwar, Thakore and Associates

  • We have been associated with ICE India for more than 5 years to manage our Annual Customer Networking Event. Mufaddal has an eye for detail and perfection. As our audience is more or less the same every year, we need new concepts and ideas every year. Mufaddal is our “go to man” for creative ideas. We strongly believe he thinks “out of the box”. We have been in a tough situation during one of our events. We thank Mufaddal for making last minute arrangements to ensure that the show goes on flawlessly. This could not have been possible without his strong network and equity that he has built over the years. Kudos to team ICE India. Keep up the great work. Wish you more success in years to come.

    Brajesh ThakurAssociate Director, Sales - West India, Carlson Rezidor Hotel Group

Planning an event in Spain: questions

Is Spain easy for vegetarian and Jain guests?

Menus are agreed with each kitchen before arrival, and ICE India visits restaurants first. Tapas bars are easy for vegetarians, and Jain meals are cooked to order at hotels and Indian restaurants.

When do Spanish dinners start?

Lunch is usually after 2 pm and dinner after 9 pm, later than in India. Gala dinners can start earlier by arrangement, and ICE India sets the programme around the meal times.

Do landmarks need booking in advance?

Yes. The Sagrada Família and Park Güell sell timed tickets, and groups at the Prado and the Real Alcázar need a booked slot. ICE India reserves entry slots well ahead of the dates.

We are a travel agency looking for a Spain DMC in India. Can you help?

ICE India plans trips for Indian companies and does not run inbound programmes for other agencies. Travel agencies looking for a partner in India can start at destination representation in India.

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Photographs, Wikimedia Commons: Txllxt TxllxT, Enric, JuliaSevilla2021, Rafesmar, Nicholas Gemini, Martinvl, Cathy-ABL, AinaCE, Diego Delso, RoxFuchs, IssamBarhoumi, Joe Mabel and JanManu (CC BY-SA 4.0); Joseolgon (CC BY 4.0); Luis García, Fedekuki and Diliff (CC BY-SA 3.0); Andrés Nieto Porras (CC BY-SA 2.0); böhringer friedrich (CC BY-SA 2.5).

Also Wikimedia Commons: rheins and Olaf Tausch (CC BY 3.0); Diliff (CC BY 2.5); ajay_suresh and Brian Snelson (CC BY 2.0).